Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of erectile dysfunction drugs and their analogues in food products

The presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs in adulterated dietary supplements, mainly pharmaceutical dosage forms, is frequently addressed the literature. Little attention given to food products despite their increasing adulteration trend. To address this knowledge gap targeted, suspected-target, and non-targeted strategies were utilised analyse ED analogues powdered drink mix (PDM), honey, jelly, hard candy, sugar-coated chewing gum using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). method was optimised validated 23 target analytes, representing different with structural similarities. modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) extraction exhibited insignificant matrix effect (ME) within − 9.2–8.8% provided complete coverage analytes acceptable recovery (RE) 75.5–123.9%, except for carbodenafil PDM matrix. Based on ME RE performance, analytical 25 samples that claimed enhance male sexual performance. good specificity linearity a limit detection 10–70 ng/mL quantification 80 ng/mL. Similarly, accuracy precision satisfactory 77.4–122.0% and< 16.7%RSD, respectively. LC-HRMS targeted analysis, together suspected-target screenings, identified detected ten from 24 samples. QuEChERS LC-HRMS-based demonstrated be universally applicable various products, covering an extensive range known potentially novel drugs, which valuable routine casework.